The World Health Organization has revised the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and on 18th June 2018, WHO releases new International Classification of Diseases as known as ICD-11. ICD-11 will be presented at the World Health Assembly in May 2019 for adoption by Member States, and will come into effect on 1 January 2022.
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is the international “standard diagnostic tool for epidemiology, health management and clinical purposes.” Its full official name is International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems.
The ICD is maintained by the World Health Organization (WHO), the directing and coordinating authority for health within the United Nations System. The ICD is originally designed as a health care classification system, providing a system of diagnostic codes for classifying diseases, including nuanced classifications of a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or disease. This system is designed to map health conditions to corresponding generic categories together with specific variations, assigning for these a designated code, up to six characters long. Thus, major categories are designed to include a set of similar diseases. ICD-11 is a major step forward, because it has the necessary terminological and ontological elements for seamless use in digital health.
The ICD is published by the WHO and used worldwide for morbidity and mortality statistics, reimbursement systems, and automated decision support in health care. This system is designed to promote international comparability in the collection, processing, classification, and presentation of these statistics. Like the analogous Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (which is limited to psychiatric disorders and almost exclusive to the United States), the ICD is a major project to statistically classify all health disorders, and provide diagnostic assistance. The ICD is a core statistically based classificatory diagnostic system for health care related issues of the WHO Family of International Classifications (WHO-FIC).
The ICD is part of a “family” of international classifications (WHOFIC) that complement each other, including also the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) which focuses on the domains of functioning (disability) associated with health conditions, from both medical and social perspectives, and the International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI) that classifies the whole range of medical, nursing, functioning and public health interventions.
The World Health Organization has revised the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) towards the ICD-11 and on 18th June 2018, WHO released new International Classification of Diseases as known as ICD-11.
Its development has taken place on an internet-based workspace that continues to be used as the maintenance platform for discussions, and proposals for updates of ICD. Anybody can submit an evidence based proposal. The proposals are processed in an open tranparent way with reviews for scientific evidence, and usability and utility in the various uses of ICD. It is envisaged, that there will be no need for national modifications of ICD-11, due to its richness and flexibility in the reportable detail
ICD-11 comes with an implementation package that includes transition tables from and to ICD-10, a translation tool, a coding tool, web-services, a manual, pembinaan material, and more.
Newsweek: Being Transgender Is Not a Mental Illness, World Health Organization Says, “The World Health Organization no longer considers gender incongruence — a condition experienced by some transgender people — as a mental disorder. The United Nations health agency announced on Monday the condition, also known as gender dysphoria, has been reclassified as a secual health condition…” (Gander, 6/16)
The official release is accessed via icd.who.int
- About 300 specialists of 55 countries, organized in 30 main working groups have provided their input to make ICD-11 scientifically up-to-date, and structural problems that became apparent using ICD-10 have been solved.
- ICD-11 is much easier to use than ICD-10. Its ontological infrastructure allows for an improved user guidance compared to ICD-10.
- The systematic reliance on the use of code combinations and extension codes makes ICD finally clinically relevant. With the combinations any condition can be coded to the desired level of detail.
- Primary care, cancer coding, traditional medicine (currently module 1: ancient Chinese medicine – China, Korea and Japan), and a section for assessment of functioning are now included.
- Specialty versions, as for mental health, primary care, or dermatology are produced from the common core, the foundation.
- ICD-11 is truly multilingual. ICD-10 exists in 43 Languages in electronic versions and ICD-11 has already 15 translations in progress. The tooling produces all files and formats from the core translation tooling on the maintenance platform . For authorization of translations, requests have to be made to WHO.
- ICD-11 is digital health (formerly e-health) ready due to the use of uniform resource identifiers and its ontological underpinning. The system allows connection of any software through a standard API. The same package is also prepared for use offline.
- ICD-11 is based on the electronic foundation component that conains all content, structural information, references and discriptors in a machine readable format. The content is then rendered for machine or human use, electronically or in print.
- In ICD-11, each disease entity has a description that give key descriptions and guidance on what the meaning of the entity/category is in human-readable terms, to guide users. This is an advancement over ICD-10, which had only title headings. The Definitions have a standard structure according to a template with standard definition templates and further features exemplified in a “Content Model”. The Content Model is a structured framework that captures the knowledge that underpins the definition of an ICD entity. The Content Model therefore allows computerization (with links to ontologies and SNOMED CT). Each ICD entity can be seen from different dimensions or “parameters”. For example, there are currently 13 defined main parameters in the Content Model (see below) to describe a category in ICD.
An external review of the ICD-11 Revision has been completed. The report notes the progress in the ICD Revision, and makes clear recommendations about forward progress in the revision.
- ICD Entity Title – Fully Specified Name
- Classification Properties – disease, disorder, injury, etc.
- Textual Definitions – short standard description
- Terms – synonyms, other inclusion and exclusions
- Body System/Structure Description – anatomy and physiology
- Temporal Properties – acute, chronic or other
- Severity of Subtypes Properties – mild, moderate, severe, or other scales
- Manifestation Properties – signs, symptoms
- Causal Properties – etiology: infectious, external cause, etc.
- Functioning Properties – impact on daily life: activities and participation
- Specific Condition Properties – relates to pregnancy etc.
- Treatment Properties – specific treatment considerations: e.g. resistance
- Diagnostic Criteria – operational definitions for assessment
ICD-11 invokes a more sophisticated architecture than historical versions, consistent with its generation as a digital resource. The core content of the system, called the Foundation Component, is a semantic network of words and terms, where any given term can have more than one parent. To address the requirement that statistical classifications exhibit mutual exclusiveness (so events are not counted more than once) and exhaustiveness (so there is a place to tally all events), ICD11 supports the serialization of the Foundation Component into an arbitrary number of linearizations, optimized for use cases. The main linearization, presently called the Joint Linearization for Morbidity and Mortality Statistics, is the tabular format with which most traditional users will become familiar. However, other linearizations, for primary care, multiple sub-specialty derivatives, or applications such as clinical decision support are possible. Finally, preliminary work in partnership with the IHTSDO is underway to ensure that the ICD-11 Foundation Component is semantically coherent through development of the Common Ontology, a subset of SNOMED CT which will anchor the Foundation Component to terms defined through description logic.
NPR: WHO Recognizes Gaming Disorder As A Mental Health Condition, “Gaming disorder, as in video games, is now an official mental health condition, according to the World Health Organization. But the idea of technology addiction is still controversial…” (Kamenetz, 6/16).
ICD-11 will be presented at the World Health Assembly in May 2019 for adoption by Member States, and will come into effect on 1 January 2022. This release is an advance preview that will allow countries to plan how to use the new version, prepare translations, and train health professionals all over the country.
The ICD is also used by health insurers whose reimbursements depend on ICD coding; national health programme managers; data collection specialists; and others who track progress in global health and determine the allocation of health resources.
The new ICD-11 also reflects progress in medicine and advances in scientific understanding. For example, the codes relating to antimicrobial resistance are more closely in line with the Global
Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS). ICD-11 is also able to better capture data regarding safety in healthcare, which means that unnecessary events that may harm health – such as unsafe workflows in hospitals – can be identified and reduced.
The new ICD also includes new chapters, one on traditional medicine: although millions of people use traditional medicine worldwide, it has never been classified in this system. Another new chapter on secual health brings together conditions that were previously categorized in other ways (e.g. gender incongruence was listed under mental health conditions) or described differently. Gaming disorder has been added to the section on addictive disorders.
Sumber aciknadzirah.blogspot.com
Mari berteman dengan saya
Follow my Instagram _yudha58
0 Response to "√ Who Releases New International Classification Of Diseases As Known As Icd-11"
Posting Komentar